Home » Uncategories » Pig Like Animal With a Long Nose

Pig Like Animal With a Long Nose

Genus of mammals in the swine family

Babirusa

A male person North Sulawesi babirusa; only the adult males possess the distinctive tusks.
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Course:	Mammalia
Lodge:	Artiodactyla
Family:	Suidae
Subfamily:	Babyrousinae Thenius, 1970
Genus:	Babyrousa Perry, 1811
Species
3-4, See text.

The babirusas, also called deer-pigs (Indonesian: babi rusa ^[1]), are a genus, Babyrousa , in the swine family found in the Indonesian islands of Sulawesi, Togian, Sula and Buru.^[two] All members of this genus were considered part of a single species until 2002, the babirusa, B. babyrussa, simply following that was split into several species. This scientific name is restricted to the Buru babirusa from Buru and Sula, whereas the best-known species, the northward Sulawesi babirusa, is named B. celebensis.^[3] The remarkable "prehistoric" appearance of these mammals is largely due to the prominent upwards incurving canine tusks of the males, which really pierce the flesh in the snout.^[4]

All species of babirusa are listed as threatened by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN).^[5]

Classification [ edit ]

The genus is monotypic within the subfamily Babyrousinae, or alternatively considered to form a tribe, Babyrousini, of the subfamily Suinae. To date, merely ane fossil skull has been found to suggest a larger ancestor.^[6]

All members of the genus were considered function of a unmarried species, the babirusa or pig-deer, B. babyrussa. They were divide into several species, this scientific name is restricted to the Buru babirusa from Buru and the Sula Islands, whereas the best-known species, the n Sulawesi babirusa, is named B. celebensis.^[3] The carve up, which uses the phylogenetic species concept, is based on differences in size, amount of pilus on body and tail-tuft, and measurements of the skull and teeth.^[iii]

Species [ edit ]

Buru babirusa (B. babyrussa), besides known equally the hairy or gold babirusa
Bola Batu babirusa (B. bolabatuensis), proposed species
North Sulawesi babirusa (B. celebensis), also known as the Sulawesi babirusa
Togian babirusa (B. togeanensis)

B. babyrussa beruensis was described as an extinct, Pleistocene subspecies from southwestern Sulawesi before babirusas were split into multiple species.

Description [ edit ]

Skull of a male N Sulawesi babirusa (37 cm long).

Babirusa are notable for the long upper canines in the males. The upper canines of male babirusa emerge vertically from the alveolar process, penetrating through the skin and curving backward over the front end of the face up and towards the forehead.^[7] ^[8] The lower canines also grow upwards. The canines of the female are either reduced or absent.^[seven] The construction of the male's canines vary by species. In the gold babirusa, the upper canines are short and slender with the alveolar rotated forward to allow the lower canines to cantankerous the lateral view.^[7] The Togian babirusa also has the same characteristics and the upper canines always converge. The Due north Sulawesi babirusa has long and thick upper canines with a vertically implanted alveolar. This caused the upper canines to emerge vertically and non cross with the lower canines.^[ix] Babirusa also vary by species in other characteristics. The golden babirusa has a long, thick pelage that is white, creamy gold, black or gold overall and blackness at the rump.^[7] The pelage of the Togian babirusa is besides long simply non as that of the golden babirusa. The Togian babirusa has a tawny, brown or black pelage that is darker on the upper parts than in the lower parts.^[7] The North Sulawesi babirusa has very brusk hair and appears bald. The female babirusa has only 1 pair of teats.^[10]

Biology and ecology [ edit ]

Two babirusas fighting in Indonesia.

Babirusa are native to Sulawesi, some of the Togian Islands, the Sula Islands and Buru.^[7] In Sulawesi, they range from the northern peninsula to the s and southward east provinces. Although babirusas are present on both Sulawesi and Sula, they are non establish on the large islands between the two, the Banggai Archipelago. It has been hypothesized that the unusual distribution is due to their being transported by humans as gifts bestowed by native royalty.^[eleven] The preferred habitat of babirusa are tropical rainforests along river banks.^[seven] It appears that they have been confined to the higher grounds in the interior despite occurring in lowland areas near coasts in the past.^[7] They are besides agile during the daytime. Like all pig species, babirusa accept an omnivorous diet with an intestinal tract similar to that of the domestic sus scrofa.^[12] The stomach diverticulum of a babirusa is enlarged which may bespeak that it is a ruminant merely evidence shows otherwise.^[7] Because it does non have a rostral bone in the nose, a babirusa does not dig with its snout like other pigs practise except in mud and swampy grounds. The diet of the babirusa includes leaves, roots, fruits and beast material. Apparently, the strong jaws of a babirusa are capable of easily great hard basics.^[7]

Male person babirusa tend to live solitarily while adult females can be found in groups with young.^[13] Groups of female and young babirusa may number upwards to 84 individuals, most of which contain no developed males. Males rarely travel in pairs or trios.^[13] There are almost never more than three developed females in a group.^[14] The tusks of the adult males are used in intraspecific fighting. The upper tusks are for defense while the lower tusks are offensive weapons.^[15] If a male babirusa does not grind his tusks (doable through regular activity), they can eventually keep growing so as to penetrate the private's own skull.^[16]

Female person babirusa bike lengths are between 28 and 42 days and estrus last ii–3 days.^[7] The litter size for a babirusa is ordinarily one or 2 piglets.^[7]

Relationship with humans [ edit ]

In Indonesia, the striking advent of the babirusa has inspired demonic masks, and the animal itself is sometimes used as a gift to nowadays to visitors.^[17]

The Balinese Hindu-era Courtroom of Justice pavilion and the "floating pavilion" of Klungkung palace ruins are notable for painted babirusa raksasa (grotesques) on the ceilings.^[11]

Prehistoric paintings of babirusa found in caves on the island of Sulawesi in Indonesia have been dated back at least 35,400 years (to the ice age Pleistocene epoch). Adam Brumm, who co-authored the 2014 study dating the paintings, said "The paintings of the wild animals are well-nigh fascinating considering it is clear they were of particular involvement to the artists themselves."^[18]

Conservation status [ edit ]

Babirusas are protected in Indonesia and killing them is illegal in most cases. However, poaching remains a significant threat to the babirusa. Additionally, commercial logging operations threaten the babirusa by habitat loss, and besides reduce cover, making the babirusa more than exposed to poachers.^[17] All extant species of babirusa are listed as vulnerable or endangered by the IUCN.^[v]

References [ edit ]

^ Skeat, Walter W. (1901). A Concise Etymological Lexicon of the English language . Clarendon Printing. p.35 . Retrieved 17 July 2012.
^ Grubb, P. (2005). "Order Artiodactyla". In Wilson, D.E.; Reeder, D.M (eds.). Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed.). Johns Hopkins University Printing. p. 637. ISBN 978-0-8018-8221-0 . OCLC 62265494.
^ ^a ^b ^c Meijaard, E., & C. Groves. (2002). Proposal for taxonomic changes within the genus Babyrousa. Asian Wild Pig News 2 (1), 9-10.
^ "Babyrousa babyrussa". Fauna Diversity Spider web. Retrieved 2 December 2015.
^ ^a ^b "IUCN Scarlet List of Threatened Species Version 2010.one". 2010. Retrieved xviii Apr 2010.
^ Ian Metcalfe, Faunal and floral migrations and evolution in SE Asia-AustralasiaCRC Press, 2001. ISBN 978-90-5809-349-3. 416 pages: pp338.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l MacDonald, A. A. 1993. The Babirusa (Babyrousa babyrussa). In: W. L. R. Oliver (ed.), Pigs, Peccaries, and Hippos: Status Survey and Conservation Activity Plan, IUCN, Gland, Switzerland.
^ Nasoori, A (2022). "Tusks, the actress-oral teeth". Athenaeum of Oral Biology. 117: 104835. doi:10.1016/j.archoralbio.2022.104835. PMID 32668361. S2CID 220585014.
^ Groves, C. 1980. Notes on the systematics of Babyrousa (Artiodactyla, Suidae). Zoologische Mededelingen 55:29–46.
^ BBC (2010). Babirusa. Downloaded xviii April 2010.
^ ^a ^b Umberto Albarella, Keith Dobney, Anton Ervynck: 2007. Pigs and humans: ten,000 years of interaction Oxford Academy Press 2007. ISBN 978-0-19-920704-half-dozen. 454 pages: pp20.
^ Langer, P. (1988): The Mammalian Herbivore Tummy – Comparative Beefcake, Function and Evolution. Gustav Fischer, Stuttgart and New York: 136-161.
^ ^a ^b Patry, Maurice; Leus, Kristin; Macdonald, Alastair A (1995) "Group Construction and Behaviour of Babirusa (Babyrousa babyrussa) in Northern Sulawesi", Australian Journal of Zoology, 43:643-655.
^ Patry M , Leus K Macdonald AA (1995) Grouping structure and behaviour of babirusa (Babyrousa babyrussa) in northern Sulawesi. Australian Journal of Zoology 43, 643-655.
^ J. MacKinnon, (1981) "The structure and function of the tusks of babirusa", Mammal Review, 11(one):37-forty.
^ "Babirusas can get impaled by their own teeth: that most sought-after of objects does be! (babirusas, office VIII)". Tetrapod Zoology.
^ ^a ^b "Sulawesi babirusa (Babyrousa celebensis)". ARKive . Archived from the original on 11 April 2012. Retrieved 17 July 2012.
^ Sample, Ian (9 October 2014). "35,000-yr-old Indonesian cave paintings suggest art came out of Africa". The Guardian . Retrieved fourteen Nov 2015. "The paintings of the wild animals are most fascinating because it is clear they were of particular interest to the artists themselves", said Brumm.

External links [ edit ]